EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES

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EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES
Variables
" Variables are the conditions or characteristics that the experimental manipulates, controls or observes"
There are 5 types of variables. They are,
1. Independent Variable
2. Dependent Variable.
3. Categorical Variable.
4. Control Variable.
5. Extraneous Variable.
1. Independent Variable
It is otherwise called experiment of treatment variable. It is part of the experiment that the researcher is manipulating. It is otherwise called cause set up by the researcher.
2) Dependent variable
It is also called as criterion variable. The dependent variable is, what is measured to assess the effects of the independent variable.
3) Categorical variable
It is called as moderator variable. It is a kind of independent variable that cannot be manipulated because it is categorized by age, race, sex and so on.
4) Control variable
It is a factor that could possibly influence the result and that is kept out of the study.
5) Extraneous variable
It is a factor that could effect the relationship between the independent and dependent variable but that is not included or controlled
Ex: " Effect of sand running on endurance performance of college men" .
In the above example all the variables can be identified.
Independent Variable - sand running
Dependent Variable - Endurance Categorical Variable - Collage men
Control Variable- In the above study the fitness level of the subjects can be controlled by a pre physical working capacity test. So in this manner the difference in fitness can be controlled
Extraneous Variable - The external factor such as climate diet, and various back ground of the subjects are not controlled. This might influence the result of the study.
Control Group
A control group is a group of research participants that does not receive the treatment (independent variable), receives zero amount of it, receives a " standard" value of the treatment (independent variable), or receives a " comparison" level of the treatment (independent variable).
' Function of Control Group Serve as source of comparison Serve as control for rival hypotheses
Experimental group
The group being treated, or otherwise manipulated for the sake of the experiment. This group is identical to the control group EXCEPT that it is manipulated In the example below, the amount of weight training is being manipulated
Example: The effect of weight training on strength among athletes. You gather a group athletes together and get them to train for a period of six weeks. This is the experiment group. Whatever effects they display you might be inclined to attribute to weight training. HOWEVER, how do you know that all the effects they display are from weight training? Maybe some of the effects they display are totally unrelated to weight training and are the result of some other factor (like being together in an isolated group.)
Therefore, in order to separate the training effects from other effects you gather a second group of athletes together and place them in exactly the same environment as the first group EXCEPT you do not give them weight training. This is your control group. Whatever differences there are between your experimental group and your control group are due solely to weight training.

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